中国教育总费用的水平、构成和流向

Level,Constitution and Flow Direction of Educational Total Expenses in China

本文基于最新可获得的数据,从国际比较的视角,对中国教育总费用的水平、构成和流向进行了实证分析。研究发现:第一,尽管中国全社会对教育的总体重视程度较高,但教育总费用的水平在世界上一直处于相对偏低的水平;第二,中国民间教育经费支出的比重较高,而政府在教育筹资和投入上所扮演的角色相对较弱;第三,中国教育费用支出偏向于高等教育,在初等教育和中等教育中的投入低于世界上很多国家,这是造成中国义务教育发展不足以及区域间发展不均衡的主要原因。这些发现的政策意涵有三:其一,中国政府有必要大幅度提高公共教育经费的支出水平;其二,政府必须创造适宜的制度环境,为民营教育经费的增长提供正向激励;其三,公共教育经费应该向基础教育倾斜,从而推进义务教育的发展和均等化。

Based on the lastest data,from the international comparative perspective,the article makes a positive analysis for the level,constitution and flow direction of educational total expenses in China.The study shows: first,generally speaking,although the whole society attaches great importance to education,the educational total expenses level is always in the comparatively low level in the world;second,the proportion of Chinese nongovernmental educational expenditure is comparatively high,but the role that the government plays in educational financing and investment is relatively weak;third,Chinese educational expenditure is in favor of higher education,whereas,the investment in primary and secondary education is lower than that in many countries in the world and this is the main reason for the undereducation of Chinese compulsory educational development and unbalance of the regional development.The policy implication of the findings are: first,it is necessary for Chinese government to improve dramatically the expenditure level of public education budget;second,our government must create suitable system environment in order to supply a positive motivation for the increase of the private educational budget;third,public education budget should be preferential for primary education to promote the development and equalization of the compulsory education.