民族习俗中女性参与的社会性别观察:雨卜苗族村寨的个案

Social Gender Observations of Women's Role in National Convention:A Case Study of Yupu Village of Miao Nationality

民族习俗是规约个体社会化的一种基本力量,同时也折射出特定民族、特定文化对男性、女性的社会性别期待。苗族传统习俗中的女性角色主要表现为生产生活习俗中的主内者、宗教礼仪习俗中的局外人以及恋爱婚姻习俗中的等待者。苗族习俗中的女性角色受制于传统习俗的规约,但同时,时代的进步以及苗族女性受教育程度的提高,年轻一代的眼界开阔了、自我意识增强了,表现出与年长者的种种差异,而生活于当下的苗族女性无一不遭遇着自我期待与社会期待落差的角色冲突。

National convention is a kind of power that comes to regulate and discipline individual behaviors and behavior patterns in a given community.The national culture within this community reflects on the particular social gender expectation of its members.Women in Miao tradition are role-modeled as the house keepers in everyday life,the outsiders in religious ritual and ceremonies,as well as the obedient order-takers in love and marriage.The analysis reveals that women in Miao tradition are abided by the conventional regulations and disciplines,that the younger women with their increased schooling start to have their horizon expanded and self-consciousness strengthened,and that they see the gap between the younger and the elder and find themselves in such a predicament where the self-expectations within themselves are in conflict with the conventional role model from the conventional society.