原油和消油剂对海洋桡足类的急性毒性效应

Acute Toxicity of Crude Oil and Dispersant to Marine Copepods

为探明溢油和消油过程对海洋浮游动物的毒性影响,采用实验生态学手段,在室内测定了原油水溶性成分(Water accommodated fraction,WAF)、消油剂及添加消油剂后的水溶性成分(Dispersant water accommodated fraction,DWAF)对我国近海常见浮游桡足类72h时的半致死浓度(Median lethal concentration,72h-LC50).结果表明:1)三类试验液对海洋桡足类的毒性大小顺序为消油剂(140.22～1227.75mgL^(-1))<DWAF(82.33～856.64mgL^(-1))<原油WAF(1.31～29.82mgL^(-1));2)水温影响污染物对桡足类的毒性,自然水温越高,桡足类对污染的耐受性越差;3)三类试验液对桡足类的毒性存在种间差异(P<0.01),毒性作用随物种个体的增大而减弱.

Global marine crude oil pollution has already become one of the most serious environmental problems. Acute toxicity experiments of crude oil water accommodated fraction （WAF）, dispersants, and dispersant water accommodated fraction （DWAF） to marine copepods in the East China Sea were carried out in order to determine the ecological effects of oil pollution on marine plankton. The measurement of 72-median lethalconcentrations was done and the results showed that： 1） the toxicity order of three pollutants from low to high were dispersant （140.22～1227.75 mgL^（-1）） DWAF （82.33～856.64 mgL^（-1）） crude oil WAF （1.31～29.82 mgL^（-1））; 2） different natural temperature had an influence on toxicities of pollutants to same species, i.e., the higher the temperature, the lower the tolerance of the copepods; 3） there were specif ic differences in toxicities of the three pollutants to copepods species （P 0.01）, that is, the toxicity decreased with increasing body length of the species. Therefore, it seems that in natural sea areas with oil pollution or spillage the diversity of copepod species will reduce and small-sized species will confront more survival challenges. Fig3, Tab3, Ref40