中国奶品行业的国际竞争力与技术含量的比较

Comparison of the International Competitiveness and Technical Content of China’s Dairy Industry

计算了10个经济体在鲜奶和奶制品方面的国际市场占有率、RCA和贸易竞争力指数。综合考虑上述三项指标可以发现,中国在鲜奶产品上具有一定的竞争力,但中国在奶制品方面一直没有取得竞争优势。而对奶业产品的技术高度指数计算结果表明,中国在鲜奶产品上的技术高度指数都保持在10以上,要明显高于东盟、日本、韩国、印度、阿根廷和GCC等其他经济体,但明显低于欧盟、新西兰和澳大利亚。奶制品方面,中国、东盟、印度和GCC等经济体技术复杂度从2001年起出现了一定程度的提高,但一直停留在低水平,而且四经济体在奶制品方面的技术复杂度指数非常接近,中国与四经济体在奶制品上的竞争大于互补。

The article selects 10 economic entities to calculate their international market share, RCA and Trade Specialization Coefficient （TSC） in fresh milk and dairy products. In view of the comprehensive analysis of the three indexes, it＇ s found that in the fresh milk production, China has competitiveness to some extend but it doesn＇t gain comparative advantages in dairy products. However, it shows that the technique complexity indexes of fresh milk keep over 10, which is obviously higher than that of ASEAN, Japan, South Korea, India, Argentina, GCC and other economics entities. But it is still much lower than EU, New Zealand and Australia. As for the dairy products, although the technique complexity of China, ASEAN, India and GCC has been improved since 2001, it is still low. What＇ s more, the technique complexity index in dairy products of the four entities is very close to each other. The relationship between China＇ s dairy industry and the other four is more competitive rather than compensative.