基于Nvivo软件的护士职业心理素质的质性研究

Nvivo-based Qualitative Research on Occupational Psychological Traits of Nurses

目的探讨护士职业心理素质的理论结构,为护士的职业招聘与培训提供依据。方法 2008年10月至2009年8月采用合众法选择对6名护理教师、7名医生、3名护士长、5名临床护士、1名住院患者进行半结构式访谈,资料分析采用澳洲QSR公司的Nvivo8.0软件。结果护士职业心理素质的理论结构可以分为道德、能力与知识、性格、态度及风度5个维度,共26个成分;不同角色被试对护士职业心理素质结构的认知存在差异：护理教师更重视护士的细心和奉献精神,医生更重视爱岗敬业及抗压与应变能力,护士长更重视合作意识与交往能力及抗压与应变能力,临床护士更重视临床护理技术和责任心,患者更重视合作意识、交往能力和责任心。结论在招聘和培训护士时,应注重考查和培养其抗压与应变能力、合作意识与交往能力、临床护理技术、责任心、细心、同情心、奉献精神等核心职业心理素质。

Objective To explore the theoretical structure of nurses＇occupational psychological traits so as to provide evidence for the recruitment and cultivation of nurses.Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted on six nursing teachers,five clinical nurses,three head nurses,seven doctors,one hospitalized patients from October 2008to August 2009and the data was analyzed using Nvivo 8.0from QSR of Australia.Results Nurses＇occupational psychological traits contained 5dimensions（26elements）：morality,ability and knowledge,personality,attitude and grace.Nurses in different professional subjects had cognitive differences in the strueture of psychological quality：Nursing teachers attached more attention to the care and dedication of nurses;Doctors paid more attention to dedication,compression and flexibility;Head nurses attached importance to cooperative consciousness,communication ability,compressive strength and strain capacity;Nurses emphasized more on clinical nursing skills and sense of responsibility;Patients thought highly with cooperation consciousness,communication ability and sense of responsibility.Conclusion For recruitment and cultivation of nurses,more attention should be attached to the core occupational psychological traits of compressive strength and flexibility,sense of cooperation,communication ability,clinical nursing skills,responsibility,chariness,compassion and dedication.