对“一+单位词+N+否定词”类周遍性主语的广义量词个案研究

A Case Study on "Yi + Classifier + N + Negation"-Subject-type Generalized Quantifier in Mandarin Chinese

陆俭明先生指出,汉语＂一＋单位词＋N＋否定词＂类名词性短语作主语能够表示周遍性涵义。在逻辑中,这一结构往往被处理成全称量词,但是从语义角度看,它必须和否定共同出现才能表示周遍性涵义。所以,将该结构与否定视为整体处理成一个量词更加符合人们对该词的语义理解。于是,此处将此结构刻画成〈1〉类和〈1,1〉类型的广义量词分别加以考察,表明〈1,1〉类型的处理方法在语义上最符合其语义理解;并在此讨论基础上,对现代版对当方阵做出了描述。

Mr.Lu Jianming pointed out that ＂Yi ＋ classifier ＋ N＂ in Mandarin Chinese,functioning as subject,indicates universal quantification.This structure has always been analyzed as a universal quantifier in its logical form.However,it displays universal meaning only when it is used before a negation,which enlightens the treatment of viewing ＂Yi ＋ classifier ＋ N＂ and the negation after it as a whole,in order to be much closer to its semantic meaning and pragmatic use.This paper tries to treat ＂Yi ＋ classifier ＋ N ＋ negation＂ as a type 1 quantifier and a type 1,1 quantifier respectively,and proves that the latter serves better to its semantic understanding.Finally,a more refined square of opposition on the basis of the modern one and the discussion above is put forward.