山西省煤炭开发利用中的“三废”污染及防治模式研究

Discussion on the “three wastes” pollution of coal development and control pattern in Shanxi province

研究了山西省煤炭开发利用所引起的“三废”污染状况．调查得出燃煤排放的废气占大气污染的８０％，以炼焦集中区最为严重；８５％的河段污染严重超标，地下水污染不断加剧；以煤矸石为主的废渣排放量大，综合利用率低，仅为２４．６％，堆存量大，不仅侵占大量农田，而且容易引发泥石流及水土流失等灾害；分析了煤炭开采、利用及加工转换过程中“三废”的形成过程，分析了污染对大气、水、土壤等环境造成的危害．运用系统论的方法，建立了“三废”污染防治模式，并从资源开发利用与环境保护相协调的角度出发，论述社会环境系统与科技环境子系统的结构和内容。

The deterioration of ecological environment in Shanxi has limited its economic development. The “three wastes” pollution in the course of the coal development is the direct reason for the descending of Shanxi environmental quality.Especially because of stacking much waste residue without purpose, it's easy to bring out mud rock flow,soil erosion and other disasters, which artificially worsens the situation of the soil erosion of the loess platen. Based on the present situation of the “three wastes” from coal development in Shanxi, this paper analyses the forming process of “three wastes” in coal mining, using and transforming, explains the harms done to environment and suggests the relevant control pattern.