惟无乃能大 惟大乃能逍遥——孙嘉淦释庄子逍遥义

Only the Far-sighted Can Be Great,and Only the Great Can Be Carefree:Sun Jiagan's Interpretation of Zhuangzi's Xiao Yao You(Carefree Travel)

清人孙嘉淦在《南华通》中秉持"惟无乃能大"、惟大乃能逍遥的宗旨,多方引用儒家经典与新儒家学说,通过"小者困苦,大者逍遥"的两相对比,最终得出以"至人无己"为"大之至矣"的结论。在普遍以"大"为逍遥的清代庄学界,孙嘉淦的阐说仍具有一定特色,尤其是他引入理学家关于"理一分殊"的观念,从实体存在与观念存在两面来评析庄子的"至人无己",实可谓别开生面。

Sun Jiagan of the Qing Dynasty adhered to the philosophy that ＂only the far-sighted can be great,and only the great can be carefree＂.He quoted from a variety of Confucian classics and new Confucian theories,and finally came to the conclusion that ＂in the eyes of an enlightened man there is no individual＂is ＂the supreme realm of greatness＂ by contrasting ＂distressed small men＂ with ＂carefree great men＂.Among the academic circle of Zhuangzi in the Qing Dynasty which generally regards ＂the great＂ as carefree,Sun Jiagan＇s brand new interpretation was quite distinctive,especially when he brought in the new Confucian philosophy＇s idea ＂unity in diversity＂,which analyzes Zhuangzi＇s ＂in the eyes of an enlightened man there is no individual＂ from both physical existence and conceptual existence.