油用向日葵数量性状的遗传变异和相关分析及育种选择

The Genetic Variation and Correlation Analysis of Quantitative Characters and Breeding Selection in Sunflower

探讨油用向日葵数量性状的遗传变异力和性状相关,以指导油用向日葵资源和品种的选择。试验选用207份试验材料,运用双列杂交设计和随机区组方法,对株高、花盘直径、单盘粒数、单盘粒重、百粒重、籽实含油率等主要数量性状的平均数、标准差、极差、变异系数、狭义遗传力、广义遗传力及性状的相关进行了研究分析,发现油用向日葵数量性状的变异程度较大,选择范围广。含油率遗传力较大、百粒重和籽仁率的遗传力中等,株高和花盘直径的遗传力较小,单盘粒重的遗传力最小。单盘粒重和株高、单盘粒重和百粒重、单盘粒重和花盘直径、籽实含油率和籽仁含油率、籽实含油率和籽仁率、皮壳率和百粒重、皮壳率和空壳率、株高和百粒重、单盘粒数和花盘直径、单盘粒数与单盘粒重均呈极显著正关系;籽实含油率和皮壳率、皮壳率和籽仁率、百粒重和籽仁率呈极显著负相关。

To study the genetic variation of sunflowers quantitative characters and find correlation with each other,and guide the choice of sunflower germplasm resources and varieties,the experiment used 207 materials,and used NCⅡdesign and random block method.The trial studied the average,standard deviation,range,coefficient of variation,narrow sense heritability,broad sense heritability of characters containing plant height,head diameter,head seed number,head seed weight,100-seed weight,oil content in seed and their correlation.The result indicated that there was a large variation and wide selection could be done in sunflower quantitative characters.The heritability of oil content was the highest,heritability of 100-seed weight and kernel ratio in seed was moderate,heritability of plant height and head diameter was smaller,heritability of head seed weight was the least.There were significantly positive correlation between the head seed weight and plant height,head seed weight and 100-seed weight,head seed weight and head diameter,oil content in seed and oil content in kernel,oil content in seed and kernel ratio in seed,hull ratio in seed and 100-seed weight,hull ratio in seed and empty seed ratio in head,plant height and 100-seed weight,head seed number and head diameter,respectively.There were significantly negative correlation between oil content in seed and hull ratio in seed,hull ratio in seed and kernel ratio in seed,100-seed weight and kernel ratio in seed.