宫体诗与萧纲的“文学放荡论”

Xiao Gang’s Royal Poems and His "Dissolute Literature Criticism"

作为影响深远的诗歌流派和类型,宫体诗从产生至消亡,至少有一百年以上的历史;宫体诗学则延绵数世纪,其内涵伴随中国诗学的发展已成为其中不可缺或的审美要素。它的产生、发展、繁荣,绝对有理论的支撑和思想的指导。但现在的宫体诗理论,似乎只是一些任人掇拾的书信和理论的碎片,这其实是一种误解。作者以萧纲的"文学放荡论"为核心,结合萧绎和其他宫体诗人的序跋、书信、言论,从整体上考察萧纲的宫体诗学理论,包括诗歌的发生论、本质论、创作论、功能论和新变论。考察宫体诗创作和"文学放荡论"之间的互动关系。把"立身"与"文章",把身边真实的世界和文学幻想的世界截然分开的"文学放荡论",既是宫体诗审美意识新变的产物,反过来又指导创作,促进审美意识的新变,在中国古代诗学上,具有独一无二的意义。

As a school and a type of poems which have exerted far-reaching influence,royal poems had a history of at least one hundred years,counted from their birth to their death. Royal poetics has lasted hundreds of years,whose implications have become an indispensible aesthetic element of Chinese poetics along with its development. Its emergence,development,and prosperity have certainly been supported by relevant theory and guided by relevant notions. But the royal poem theory available at present is merely in the form of written messages and bits and pieces of theory,which are just misinterpretations of superficial research. On the basis of Xiao Gang’s criticism of dissolute literature and in combination with Xiao Yi’s and other royal poets’ prefaces and postcripts,letters,and speeches,this paper comprehensively examines Xiao Gang’s theory of royal poems,including his discussions of their appearance,their essense,their creation,their function,and their changes. The paper investigates the relationship between creation of palace poems and criticism of dissolute literature. ＂Criticism of dissolute literature＂,which clearly separates the real world around us from the imagined world in literature,is the result of new changes in his aesthetic sense of palace poems; in turn it serves as a guide to creative writing and promotes new changes in one’s aesthetic sense. Thus,it is of unique significance in the history of ancient Chinese poetics.