评清帮的发源和演变——在泛长三角地区的转化

The Origin and Evolution of Qing Bang

清帮是大运河的漕运水手和罗教在杭州附近相结合的产物。漕运空闲时,水手集结于大运河南端,借住罗教庵堂。清政府为禁止秘密结社,扫除罗教庵堂,结果事与愿违,促使水手秘密结社淡化了宗教色彩,在船上进一步帮会化。道光、咸丰年间因运河阻塞,改为海运,大批漕运水手失业转化到陆地谋生,转化为盐枭集团、土匪等,其中也有反抗清政府的。近代上海商贸发达,五方杂处,是清帮最理想的温床,上海清帮势力大发展和租界当局以及国民党当局的腐败、官员的贪污是分不开的。20世纪二三十年代,上海清帮势力渗透到社会各界,成为黑社会势力。

Qing Bang resulted from the combination of sailors on the Big Canal and Luo Religion. At their leisure time,sailors would gather at the south end of the Big Canal,and they lived at temples of Luo Religion. In order to prevent the formation of secret societies,the Qing Government tried to clear up the temples of Luo Religion. But the results were unexpected： the secret society became less and less religious and the sailors were forming gangs on boats. During the reigns of Dao Guang and Xian Feng,due to the blockage of the Big Canal,river freight gave way to ocean freight. Many sailors lost their jobs and had to make a living on land. They became bandits or members of salt groups. Some of them rebelled against the Qing government. As business and trade flourished and prospered in modern Shanghai,people from all walks of life made their homes in the city. Therefore,Shanghai became the most ideal birthplace for Qing Bang. The growth of Qing Bang in Shanghai was closely related to the authority in international settlements and the corruption of the Nationalist Government. In the 20s and 30s of the 20th century,their influence infiltrated all aspects of society and became a black society.