上海市卢湾区55岁及以上人群跌倒流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological investigation of falls in people over the age of 55 years in Luwan district of Shanghai

目的了解上海市卢湾区55岁及以上人群跌倒伤害流行特征。方法采用问卷调查方式，对4706名上海卢湾区55岁及以上常住居民进行了跌倒伤害横断面流行病学调查。结果上海市卢湾区55岁及以上人群跌倒发生率为4．02％；男女跌倒发生有所不同，女性发生跌倒高于男性（5．53％vs2．31％，χ^2=29．29，P=0：000），随着年龄的增长，跌倒发生的风险也呈增加趋势（χ^2=28．03，P=0．000），文化程度越低，跌倒的发生率越高（趋势r=9．22，P=0．002），离婚（r=9．42，P=0．002）和丧偶（χ^2=26．10，P=0．000）的跌倒发生率比已婚的高。跌倒多数发生在家中（37．57％），跌倒后造成不同程度的损伤，其中以骨折最常见（43．92％）。结论年龄、文化程度及婚姻状况都是影响55岁以上人群跌倒发生的主要因素。女性较男性更易发生跌倒。同时，居家是发生跌倒的主要地点，骨折是主要损伤结局。

Objective To investigate the features of falls in people over the age of 55 years in Luwan district of Shanghai. Methods Cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out to investigate 4706 residents over the age of 55 years in luwan district of Shanghai. All the residents were asked to complete our questionare. Results T he incidence of falls was 4.02 %. Falls in females were more than males （5.53% vs2.31%, P 〈0.05）. The incidence of falls increased with the age. The lower of education, the more of falls happened. The divorced or widowed persons had a higher incidence of falls than the married. Most falls occurred at home （ 37.57 % ）. Falls led to the different degrees of injury, in which fractures were the most common （43.92%）. Conclusions Age, educational level and marital status affect the incidence of falls in people over the age of 55 years. The female had a higher incidence of falls than males. Home is the main place of falling and fracture is the main injury outcome.