走出现代道德困境的尝试——兼论麦金太尔对现代西方道德哲学的批评

A Try to go out of the Modern Moral Dilemma——on MacIntyre's Criticizing on Modern Moral Philosophy

古希腊的德性传统自近代以来已经退居边缘地带,为寻求摆脱道德困境的出路,麦金太尔在追溯以亚里士多德为中心的德性传统的同时,试图以他的德性伦理来摆脱西方社会的道德困境。由此,他展开对现代西方道德哲学的深刻批评,提出了走出道德困境的若干可能性尝试:回归亚里士多德,用传统叙事的方式研究道德哲学,重建目的论,建构各种形式的道德共同体。麦金太尔德性伦理对当代中国伦理学发展具有借鉴意义,即把伦理学思考和现实生活结合起来,如何向传统学习。

As a leading contemporary moral philosopher,Alasdair MacIntyre＇s systematic and deep critiques on modern western moral philosophy have drawn many scholars＇ attention.The basic question concerned by this essay is MacIntyre＇s critiques on modern western moral philosophy.There are some other questions oriented from this basic question,such as：what is modern western moral philosophy,how does MacIntyre criticize it,from which perspectives does he criticize it,are his critiques reasonable,how do others evaluate his critiques,and what can we learn from MacIntyre＇s critiques.Among those questions,the question how Maclntyre criticizes modern western moral philosophy is the main concern.On the basis of people＇s everyday life,focusing on practice,the dissertation will define virtue ethics according to the practice of our everyday life,investigating in Ethical dilemmas the view of historical tradition informing us how to master virtue ethics by criticizing objectivism and abstract virtue ethics.The reasons for the rejuvenation of virtue ethics and the mechanism of this dissertation will be presented.Through historical investigation and comprehensively comparing,this article proves that the essence of virtue ethics is to find out the way of ethical dilemmas.