空勤与地勤人员硒代谢平衡的研究

STUDIES ON THE SELENIUM METABOLIC BALANCE IN PILOTS AND GROUND CREW

目的：为了解空勤与地勤人员的硒摄入、吸收和排泄量，以及硒代谢的差异，进一步做好空勤与地勤人员的营养保障。方法：用双盘法在３ｄ自由进食条件下对３６名空勤人员进行了硒代谢平衡的研究，并以３６名地勤人员作为对照。结果：空勤组的硒摄入量（５９．８５μｇ·ｄ１）、尿硒排泄量（３０．８４μｇ·ｄ１）、表观吸收量（３９．２７μｇ·ｄ１）和全血硒（９８．９１ｎｇ·ｍｌ１）均高于地勤组（４５．９６μｇ·ｄ１，１８．４７μｇ·ｄ１，２７．５０μｇ·ｄ１，６６．４７ｎｇ·ｍｌ１）；与地勤组一样，空勤组尿硒排泄量、表观吸收量和硒存留量与硒摄入量呈显著正相关；两组均呈现硒正平衡；每日理论需硒量空勤人员为４９μｇ，地勤人员３２μｇ。结论：硒摄入量空勤组稍高于推荐值５０～２００μｇ·ｄ１的下限水平，地勤组稍低于此值，空、地勤人员硒状态有明显的不同。

Objectives: To study the daily intake, absorption, retention, and excretion of selenium in pilots and ground crew, and the difference between pilots and ground crew in the selenium metabolism for their better nutritional support. Methods: Selenium metabolic balance studies were carried out in 36 male pilots eating self-selected diets for three consecutive days by duplicated plate diet analyses, and 36 male ground crew served as control. Results: Mean daily intake(59.85 μg·d 1 ),urinary excretion (30.84 μg·d 1 ), apparent absorption (39.27 μg·d 1 ) of selenium and whole-blood selenium concentration(98.91 ng ml 1 ) in pilots were higher than those in the ground crew(45.96 μg·d 1 ,18.47 μg·d 1 ,27.50 μg·d 1 ,and 66.47 ng ml 1 respectively). Urinary exctetion, apparent absorption and retention of selenium in pilots had significant positive correlation with daily selenium intake as in the ground crew group. There was positive balance of selenium in both groups. The theoretical daily requirements were 49 μg for pilots and 32 μg for ground crew. Conclusions: The mean daily dietary selenium intake in pilots marginally exceeded the lower level of the recommended daily dietary allowance of 50-200 μg·d 1 , but failed to reach the lower level in the ground crew. There were clear differences in selenium status between pilots and ground crew.