10种水生植物的氮磷吸收和水质净化能力比较研究

Comparison of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake and Water Purification Ability of Ten Aquatic Macrophytes

选取10种水生植物水罂粟、黄花水龙、大聚藻、香菇草、水芹、大薸、凤眼莲、美人蕉、黄菖蒲和鸢尾等为研究对象,于2009年2月中旬至6月中旬在室内静水条件下对其吸收氮、磷和净化水质的能力进行了比较研究。结果表明：（1）不同水生植物的净增生物量差异较大,变化范围为109.9-1 511.1 g.m-2,其中香菇草净增生物量最高,是黄花水龙（最低）的13.7倍;（2）不同水生植物的氮、磷含量差异较小,其氮、磷量变化范围分别为13.67~26.38 mg.g-1和1.16~3.50 mg.g-1;（3）不同水生植物的水质净化能力差异较大,10种水生植物的水质氮、磷去除率范围分别为36.3%~91.8%和23.2%~94.0%,10种水生植物的氮、磷吸收贡献率分别占水质氮、磷去除率的46.3%~77.0%和54.3%~92.7%。水体氮、磷去除率与水生植物净增生物量存在较高相关性,而与植株氮、磷含量不存在相关性,因而氮、磷吸收量而不是植株氮、磷含量应作为水生植物筛选的一个重要指标。

Ten aquatic macrophytes uptake of nitrogen（N）and phosphorus（P）and their water purification capacity were investigated in hy-drostatic conditions from middle February 2009 to middle June 2009,including Hydrocleys nymphoides,Jussiaea repens,Myriophyllum aquaticum,Hydrocotyle vulgaris,Oenanthe javanica,Pistia stratiotes,Eichhornia crassipes,Canna indica,Iris pseudacorus,Iris tectorum.Results showed that（1）the net accumulated biomass strongly changed from 109.9 g.m-2 to 1511.1 g.m-2 among different aquatic macro-phytes,with the highest biomass of Hydrocotyle vulgaris and the lowest of Jussiaea repens（;2）there was little difference in N and P concen-tration among different aquatic macrophytes,with the range of N and P contents 13.67~26.38 mg.g-1 and 1.16~3.50 mg.g-1,respectively（;3） there was greater difference in the water purification ability among thsee ten aquatic macrophytes,with the range of N and P removal efficien-cy 36.3%~91.8% and 23.2%~94.0%,respectively.The uptake of N and P and their accumulation in macrophytes were the main mechanism for the water purification,which accounted for 46.3%~77.0% and 54.3%~92.7% of the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency.N and P removal efficiency in water body was significantly correlated with plant net accumulated biomass,but not with N and P concentration in macrophytes,thus N and P absorption instend of N and P concentration should be an important index for aquatic macrophytes choosing.