关于矿业城市创新与发展问题的探讨

ON THE INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MINING CITIES

我国390座矿业城镇中,居住人口近3.1亿,比整个美国和加拿大人口总和还多。己有50个矿业城市面临矿竭城衰、生态环境恶化等一系列生产生活问题与社会问题。大型金属矿山,合理服务年限也不过才大于25年,一些处于上升期、鼎盛期的矿业城市,也将很快面临解决可持续发展问题。按需要与可能,可考虑是否成立国家矿业城市研究所(简称国家矿城所),和发展矿业城市经济学(简称矿城经济学),帮助研究解决矿业城市可持续发展问题。或者在每一大区或矿业城市较多的省的合适城市,如沈阳、天津、西安、武汉、南京、广州、重庆或成都等各建一个类似的较小研究所,负责该大区或该省主要矿业城市经济转型(矿城经济转型)问题的研究,在有条件的矿业城市也可建相应研究室。今后新建大型矿山时,从一开始就注意这方面研究,并逐年加大力度,对一些大型金属矿山及化工矿山可争取提前12年,特大型露天煤矿则可提前30年,全面研究着手解决这方面问题。

There are 390 mining cities and towns in China, whose total population is 310,000,000. This number is even larger than the whole population of U.S.A and Canada. Now 50 mining cities and towns of China are facing serial serious living and social problems caused by the decline of city population and mining resource, and worsening ecological environment. Normally, a large metallurgical mine is reasonably used for no more than 25 years. Even some mining cities being prosperous at present will encounter this latest development issue soon. It is necessary and possible that a state institute of mining cities can be founded, which focuses on the research of sustainable development of mining cities as well as the economic transformation in order to solve the serial problems. Here is a further suggestion that some similar and smaller research organizations might also be founded in some new large-middle mines and the provinces with more mining cities or several important cities, such as Shenyang, Tianjin, Xi＇an, Wuhan, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Chongqing or Chengdu etc. In the future, when large mines are to be built, this kind of issue can be considered and researched from the beginning. With the measures taken year after year, it is a great expectation that such research and solution could be made 12 years in advance for large metallurgical and chemical mines, and 30 years ahead for super large open-pit coal mines.