欧盟化学品风险评估技术及其在我国的实施

Chemical risk assessment technique of european union and its implementation in China

综述欧盟化学品风险评估技术的发展历程,以及《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制》（REACH）法规框架下的化学品安全评估流程和方法,并从数据采集、效应评估、PBT（持久性、生物蓄积性和毒性）和vPvB（高持久性和高生物蓄积）评估、暴露评估、风险特征化五个方面对化学品安全评估进行了简要的总结;从环境领域、医药卫生领域、农药领域、综合领域等多个角度出发,对我国化学品评估的现状进行了分析。最后,针对目前国内化学品评估中存在的综合评估较少、评估深度不够、缺乏完善的评估程序和方法、普及程度低等主要问题,提出了加强基础研究完善评估技术、重点研究暴露评估深化评估内容、推动重点化学品评估、明确评估目的、政府政策保障等建议以促进我国化学品风险评估技术水平的提高。

The development process of chemical risk assessment techniques in European Union,and the procedures and methods of chemical safety assessment under the frame of Registration,Evaluation,Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals（REACH）,were reviewed.Five aspects of chemical safety assessment were briefly summarized includry data collection,effects assessment,PBT（persistent,bioaccumulative and toxic） and vPvB（very persistent and very bioaccumulative） assessment,exposure assessment,risk characterisation.From medicine and health fields,pesticides field,environment field and other integrated perspective,the current situation of chemical assessment in China was analysed.Furthermore,the existing problems of chemical assessment in China,such as lacking comprehensive assessment,insufficient assessment depth,missing perfect procedure and method of assessment,and low spreading,were analysed.According to these problems,some advices including strengthening the basic research for establishing perfect assessment technology,studying the exposure assessment mainly for deepening assessment content,promoting assessment of key chemicals,confirming the purpose and establishing the policy guarantee mechanism,were proposed.