湖南杜鹃花资源及其开发利用

Discussion on development and utilization of Rhododendron resources in Hunan

论述了杜鹃属植物的分类、分布、演化及开发利用历史,着重探讨了湖南的自然生态环境及其与杜鹃属植物分布繁衍的关系,分析了杜鹃属植物的利用前景。结果表明:杜鹃属植物是全球广布的木本植物,历经一千多年的繁衍,形成了种数达1 000种的种群;中国是名副其实的杜鹃花王国,约分布有570种,目前,仅新疆和青海两省未见野生杜鹃踪迹,全国绝大部分省区均有原生杜鹃生长,中国喜马拉雅地区,即以四川.西藏为核心的区域是中国杜鹃花的多度中心和多样化中心。经考证,湖南产野生杜鹃53种1亚种1变种,隶属于4个亚属,湘西南.湘南.湘西北是湖南杜鹃的主要分布区。同时,提出了开发利用野生杜鹃的思路,建议引种驯化先行,以杜鹃的种植创新为目标。

Taxonomy,distribution,evolution,the development and utilization history of Rhododendron were discussed,and the relationship between Hunan＇s nature ecology environment and Rhododendron＇s distribution were emphatically explored,and the utilization prospect of Rhododendron was analyzed.The results show that Rhododendron is a kind of worldwide plant,and 1 000 populations were formed after more than one thousand years reproduction.China where about 570 Rhododendron species were distributed is really a kingdom of Rhododendron.At present,wild Rhododendron were found in almost all provinces in China except for Xinjiang and Qinghai,and the Himalayas（Sichuan-Tibet as the core area） is the abundance center and diversity center of Rhododendron in China.After textual research,53 species 1 subspecies 1 variety wild Rhododendron which subject to 4 subgenus were found in Hunan,and south-west,south and west Hunan were the main distribution areas of Rhododendron in Hunan.At the same time,new ideas on development and utilization of wild Rhododendron were put forward： Rhododendron introduction and domestication should go ahead of the rest,and innovation on Rhododendron cultivating should be taken as a target.