欧洲穆斯林“头巾事件”:代际差异与社会融合

The Headscarf Affair:Intergenerational Differences and Social Inclusion of the European Muslims

自20世纪80年代以来,穆斯林移民的融合问题就成为欧洲各国政府面临的难题。穆斯林妇女坚持佩戴"头巾"挑战了"学校乃世俗场所"的欧洲主流社会价值观。但是,欧洲穆斯林并不等于伊斯兰极端分子,他们的举动与其生存状况密切相关。欧盟各国普遍存在着移民家庭子女受教育程度低、失业率高、遭受歧视严重、街区贫困化加剧等问题。在欧洲长大的穆斯林移民子女追求更为"纯洁"、更"正统"的伊斯兰运动,不仅是出于对父母传统的拒绝,更是对边缘化的社会经济地位的一种抗议。穆斯林移民的融合之路异常艰难,欧洲各国政府均在探索之中。欧盟委员会认为移民"融合"是一个双向过程,其基础是合法移民和客居国之间相互的权利和相应的义务。而金融危机使移民就业遭到歧视,宗教问题与经济发展问题纠结在一起,使社会矛盾格外复杂。此时,提出"平等"、"文化对话"、"文化多样性"的倡议尤为可贵。

The social inclusion of the European Muslims has become a priority on the agendas of the European states since the 1980s.The Muslim women's insistence on wearing headscarves is interpreted as a religious challenge to the mainstream European social value,that is,'secularism in schools'.Isolated from the European mainstream societies,the Muslim communities have their own value of rules,but they are not equal to the Islamic radicals.The immigrant families have been commonly suffering from being poorly educated,high unemployment rate,discrimination and poverty.Therefore,the movement of many young Muslims towards a more pure and orthodox form of Islam is based not only on a rejection of their parents' traditions,but on their marginalization in the European society.The European states are now exploring different approaches to integrate the Muslims.