长江江豚迁地保护概述

Review on the ex-situ conservation of Yangtze Finless Porpoise

长江江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides asaeorientalis)是江豚的扬子亚种,目前其种群数量已经不足1 400头,处于十分濒危的状况.其生态环境受到人为极大的影响,且在可预见的将来没有好转的迹象,因此,迁地保护长江江豚被认为是最有希望避免其灭绝的保护策略.目前,中国科学院水生生物研究所在室内豚池、石首天鹅洲白豚国家级自然保护区和铜陵淡水豚国家级自然保护区在半自然水域均构建了长江江豚迁地保护种群.该文概述了40多年来国内长江江豚迁地保护的成果及现状,探讨了今后开展迁地保护工作应注意的重点问题.做好长江江豚的保护工作,建立更多的迁地保护区是根本措施;开展长江江豚繁殖学研究是主要对策;规范和统一保护行动是有效途径.

The Yangtze population,or Yangtze finless porpoise（Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis）belongs to Neophocaena phocaenoides subspecies and it is the most endangered subspecies.At present,the population size of Yangtze finless porpoise is less than 1 400 and has become critically endangered.Human activities have imposed many disturtance on the Yangtze River.Since the environmental states of the Yangtze River will not be improved in the predictable future,ex-situ conservation has been considered to be the most promising measure to prevent this animal from extinction.At present,two semi-natural reserves（in Shishou,Hubei Province,and Tongling,Anhui Province） have been set up along the river to establish breeding populations of the Baiji and the porpoises.Additionally,a breeding group of porpoises is being established at the Baiji Dolphinarium at the Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan.To better understand the data on the ex-situ conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise,the previous works and the present research status on the ex-situ conservation of the animal in recent 40 years are reviewed.Furthermore,some conservation countermeasures in ex-situ conservation are discussed in this paper.To hopefully protect the Yangtze finless porpoise,the author proposed ： establishing more ex-situ reserves is fundamental;studying their reproductive biology is the main strategy and standardizing and coordinating the conservation practice is the effective approach.