心脏移植近远期疗效危险因素分析——从单中心经验看我国心脏移植特点和现状

Analysis of risk factors for early and late outcomes in heart transplantation patients： experience in heart transplantation from a single centre

目的 探讨我国心脏移植病例的特点和影响受者疗效的危险因素,并与国外数据进行对比分析.方法 单中心完成心脏移植手术200例,所有病例资料和随访信息均进行详细的登记并形成数据库.对其中随访1年以上的160例的术后死亡及危险因素、支持治疗、急性排斥反应和并发症的情况进行分析,并与国外数据进行比较.结果 160例中,术后行体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）者占8.1%,连续肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）者占10%.160例共行550例次心内膜活检（EMB）,其中Ⅱ级及Ⅱ级以上排斥反应的发生率为14.9%.患者的院内死亡率为3.8%,吸烟史、术前肺动脉舒张压高、肺毛细血管楔压高、血清总蛋白低和白蛋白水平低与院内死亡相关.术后1年、3年和5年的存活率分别为94.4%,91.9%和88.8%,术前肺动脉舒张压高、血肌酐高和血清NT-proBNP高与总体死亡相关.160例的远期存活率高于国际心肺移植协会（ISHLT）的结果.结论 影响我国心脏移植受者死亡率的危险因素与国外资料不尽相同.采取适当的临床治疗策略心脏移植可以达到很好的治疗效果.

Objective To summarize risk factors for clinical outcomes in heart transplantation patients, evaluate the characters of Chinese patients by comparing with international data, and introduce new clinical strategies. Methods We performed 200 heart transplantations from Jun. 2004 to May 2010. The clinical information was recorded and all patients were followed up. By analyzing 160 patients with a follow-up period of more than one year, we summarized clinical outcomes and risk factors of early and late results of heart transplant patients. Results Of 160 patients, 8. 1 % received postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO） support and 10% continuous renal replacement therapy. In 550 cases/times of endomyocardial biopsies, the incidence of rejection with grades more than Ⅱ （concluding grade Ⅱ ） was 14. 9%. In-hospital mortality was 3. 8%. Smoking,preoperative diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure, PAWP, total serum protein level and albumin level were risk factors of peri-operative mortality, and preoperative diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure,primary heart diseases, pulmonary hypertension and implantations of ICD, MCS and ECMO were risk factors of late mortality. Postoperatively, 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate was 94. 4%, 91.9% and 88. 8%, respectively. Compared with UNOS data, the rate of primary heart diseases, pulmonary hypertension, and implantation of ICD, MCS and ECMO were different, and the long-term survival rate of 160 patients was higher than that reported by ISHLT. Conclusion The risk factors of mortality of Chinese heart transplant patients are different with their counterparts from western countries. Our corresponding peri-operative treatments and clinical strategies have produced satisfactory clinical outcomes.