黑色素瘤发生发展中的表观遗传学调控

Epigenetic Regulation in Melanoma Development

人恶性黑色素瘤(malignant melanoma)是近年来高发病率和高死亡率的肿瘤之一.目前尚缺乏有效的治疗方法.而表观遗传如DNA甲基化(DNA methylation)、组蛋白修饰(histonemodification)、染色质重塑(chromatin remodeling)及RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)等改变在人黑色素瘤的发生、发展和转移中有重要作用.阐明黑色素瘤发生发展的表观遗传学机制已引起了学者的普遍关注.本文综述了人类黑色素瘤发生发展中所特异的表观遗传改变:CpG岛的异常甲基化修饰、组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化修饰、染色质重塑以及microRNA在黑色素瘤发生和转移中的作用,并对应用表观遗传修饰治疗人类黑色素瘤进行了探讨.

Human malignant melanoma is one of the remaining cancer types escalating in incidence and mortality rates in recent years. Therapeutic approaches for treating advanced melanoma are limited currently. Epigenetic events including DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin remodeling and RNA interference play a key role in the development,progression and metastasis of melanoma. The epigenetic mechanisms involved in melanoma have attracted more attention. This review focuses on DNA abnormal methylation of CpG islands, histone methylation and acetylation modifications, chromatin remodeling,and the role of microRNA in human melanoma. The relationship between epigenetics and their importance in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastatic potential in human melanoma are examined. The applications of epigenetic modification in melanoma therapeutics are also discussed.