国外石油钻机柴油机的技术进展

DEVELOPING TREND OF DIESEL ENGINES FOR FOREIGN PETROLEUM RIG,

世界石油钻机的机械驱动型式，经历了蒸汽机、柴油机、燃气轮机、液压马达、柴油机液力传动和柴油机动力换挡变速箱等６个发展阶段，在国外应用较多的是后两种型式。从美国Ｃａｔｅｒｐｉｌａｒ公司、Ｗａｕｋｅｓｈａ公司、Ｃｕｍｍｉｎｓ公司、ＥＭＤ公司、Ｄｅｔｒｏｉｔ公司以及俄罗斯、罗马尼亚和德国生产的石油钻机柴油机系列的结构设计、输出功率及工作转速、燃油消耗，使用寿命等方面可以看到，现代柴油机具有适应性强、经济性好、可靠性高等特点。为了使国内柴油机的各项技术经济指标达到国际先进水平，应改进１９０系列柴油机、研制１９０系列长冲程柴油机、高速柴油机，开发烧原油、渣油、页岩油、天然气、油井伴生气、液化石油气、柴油和天然气双燃料、沼气和煤气等发动机，改进沙漠柴油机。

The mechanical drive type of petroleum drilling rigs all over the world has experienced six developing stages,they are steam engines,diesel engines,gas turbines,hydraulic motors,diesel hydraulic drive,and diesel driving gear box.The later two types are more used abroad.According to diesel engines for petroleum drilling rigs manufactured by American Companies,such as:Caterpillar CO.,Waukesha CO.,Cummins CO.,EMD CO.,Detroit CO. and other companies from Russia,Romania and Germany,their structural designs,output power and operating rotary speed,fuel consumption and lifetime indicate that the modern diesel engines have characteristics of powerful suitability,economic benefit,high reliability,advanced performance,less fuel consumption,less volume,low density,longer lifetime,less maintenance necessary,every oil and gas available for fuel.In order to make diesel engines at home catch up with advanced diesel engines abroad in technical economical index,the 190 series diesel engines should be improved,and 190 series long-stroke diesel engines,high rpm diesel engines should be developed.Furthermore,the engines must be developed whose fuels are crude oil,residum,shale oil,natural gas,oil-well associated gas,liquefied petroleum gas,diesel oil/gas,marsh gas,and coal gas.And diesel engines for desert application have to be modified.