经皮肾镜术后肾脏严重出血特点及选择性介入栓塞的时机选择(附13例报告)

Characteristics of renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and the timing of selective embolization:A report of 13 cases

目的:探讨经皮肾镜碎石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PNL)后肾脏严重出血特点及行选择性肾动脉栓塞的时机选择。方法:2005年11月至2010年3月期间,北京大学人民医院共对1418例肾结石患者的1520个肾脏行标准PNL治疗,术后有15例因出现严重出血(1.06%)而行肾动脉造影,其中13例(0.92%)行选择性肾动脉栓塞出血停止,2例未发现出血部位,经保守治疗后出血停止。本文对这15例患者出血特点、栓塞时机进行回顾性分析。结果:PNL术后严重出血大致可分成3种类型,即急促型(Ⅰ型)、间歇型(Ⅱ型)和缓慢持续型(Ⅲ型),本研究15例严重出血患者中Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型6例。13例栓塞患者中1次栓塞止血成功11例(84.6%),2次栓塞止血成功2例(15.4%)。栓塞时间距出血时间越长,患者的失血量或输血量往往越多。2例患者出现栓塞后一过性血肌酐(creatine,Cr)异常升高,其中1例为孤立肾,术后3周恢复正常,另1例为双肾同时栓塞,术后1周恢复至术前水平。结论:选择性肾动脉栓塞是处理PNL术后严重出血的有效、微创方法,面对PNL术后严重出血应尽早行选择性肾动脉栓塞,特别是Ⅰ型出血。

Objective：To investigate the characteristics of severe renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy（PNL） and timing of selective transarterial embolization（TAE）.Methods：Between May 2005 and March 2010,superselective renal angiography was used to control severe bleeding in 15 of 1 418 cases（1 520 PNL procedures,1.06%）.In the 15 cases,superselective renal angioembolization was used to control severe bleeding in 13（0.92%）.The medical records of all the patients who underwent renal angiography and angioembolization were reviewed.Results：Severe bleeding cases after PNL were dividide into 3 types according to the clinical characteristics：type Ⅰ（urgency type）,type Ⅱ（intermittence type） and type Ⅲ（persistant slow type）.There were 3 patients in type Ⅰ,6 in type Ⅱ and 6 in type Ⅲ.All the patients had a normal coagulation profile before surgery.A total of 11 patients（84.6%） underwent the first-time successful embolization and 2（15.4%） the second-time successful embolization.The longer time between angioembolization and bleeding was,the more blood loss and transfusion volume were,except for 1 patient in type Ⅱ.Temporality serum creatinine abnormity was found in 2 patients,one with a solitary kidney patient and the other with angioembolization for both renal bleeding.Conclusion：TAE is a minimally invasive,safe,simple,and highly effective modality for the management of post PNL renal bleeding.This option should be considered early in the management of these cases,especially for Urgency type bleeding.