准噶尔盆地荒漠区赤狐的食性分析

Food habitats of the red fox(Vulpes vulpes) in the Junggar Basin Desert

赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）隶属于哺乳纲、食肉目、犬科、狐属,广泛分布于欧亚大陆、非洲北部和北美大陆,在我国也广布各地（高耀亭等,1987;马世来等,2001）。国内外有关赤狐的研究主要集中在洞穴结构（Nakazono and Ono,1987;贾竞波和萧前柱,1990;贾竞波等,1991;贾竞波和马建章,1992;周文扬和魏万红,1995;张洪海等,1999）和巢域选择等方面（Nakazono and Ono,1987;周文扬和魏万红,1995;张洪海等,1999;Frey and Conover,2006;Keith et al.,2007）,而针对赤狐食性的研究主要集中在森林草原或苔原环境,如瑞典（Elmhagen et al.,2002）、立陶宛（Laima,2002）及匈牙利（Lanszki et al.,2006,2007）等。

We analyzed diets of red foxes（Vulpes vulpes） in the Junggar Basin desert,Xinjjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,during 2002-2008,by fecal analysis and compared differences in diet composition between pup rearing（April 15-August 14;n = 108） and dispersal（August 15-December 14;n = 279） seasons.Foxes consumed a total of 16 food items including small mammals（Lepus capensis,Meriones spp.,Rhombomys opimus,Cricetulus migratorius,Mus musculus,Allactaga elater）,Passeriformes,Coleoptera,Orthoprera,Eremias velox and plantss.Meriones spp.and Rhombomys opimus were the most important food items throughout both periods,accounting for 41.0% and 16.5% by percentage and 48.2% and 19.7% percent frequency of occurrence in fecal samples,respectively.Red fox food niche breadth was narrow（Bsta = 0.23）.Based on contingency-table analysis,diets differed between the two periods（Pearson＇s χ2 test,P = 0.001 0.01;Likelihood Ratio χ2 test,P = 0.001 0.01）.