西藏日喀则地区土地沙漠化及其防治对策

Land Desertification in Zigaze Region of Tibet and Its Control Strategies

日喀则地区是西藏自治区沙漠化最严重的地区，沙漠化土地总面积３３２．８９万ｈｍ２，沙漠化对区内农、牧业生产、交通运输及人民生活带来极大的危害，初步估计全区由此而造成的直接损失，折合人民币约５亿元以上。区域沙物质除来自周围山地外，冰川后退形成冰碛屑物质及冰川运动产生的大量沙物质，是沙漠化土地在河流上游宽谷地区得以广泛分布的重要物质基础。论文从自然和人为沙漠化过程方面进行了成因及趋势的分析。同时，提出了控制人口增长，建立完整的防护体系，改变生产方式，防止农田土壤风蚀，将减轻冬春草场载畜压力作为防治草场沙漠化的重点及多能互补等基本对策。

Zigaze is one of the serious desertification regions in Tibet. There are desertified lands of 332 89 ten thousand hectares. Desertification has brought about many damages to agriculture, husbandry, traffic, transportation and peoples life. The dry cold climate, abundant sand source, sparse vegetation and irrational land use are the main causes of desertification. In the coming 40 years, the positive process of desertification will not only exist, but maybe also develop. For controlling and preventing desertification, the basic strategies including controlling population inrease, establishing perfect preventing system, modifing production pattern, eliminating farmland erosion, lightenning the animal carring stress of spring and winter grasslands, as well as multiple energy complementing etc. have been put forward in the paper.