重新认识俄国民粹主义的“主观社会学”

Re-recognition of the Subjective Sociology of Russian Populism

长期以来遭到人们批判的俄国民粹主义的"主观社会学"有其合理内核,即高扬了人在历史进程中的主动性和创造性,强调了人类在改造世界中所起的能动作用,以及个人在社会发展中所应该担负的职责。其唯心主义失足之处在于错误地把历史决定论指认为机械决定论,不理解历史必然性的展开是由一系列具有自由意志的主体实现的,而且这种实现是建立在对必然性的认识基础上的。

The paper investigates the subjective sociology that has been criticized for a long time.Firstly,it analyses its content,characters and origin.Secondly,it extracts its reasonable core that is the emphasis on the subjectivity in epistemology.At last,it points out its fault of idealism.The author considers that it did not understand that the development of historical certainty is achieved by a serial subjects with free wills and founded on a recognition of the certainty.