6Howard S. Barrows. How To Design A Problem-Based Curriculum For The Preclinical Years [ M ]. New York: Springer Publishing Company,1985: 53 - 86.
7Hmelo, C. E., & Ferrari. M. The Problem-base learning tutorlal: Cuhivation higher Order thinking skills [J]. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 1997,20 (4) :401 - 422.
8梁翠茜 王姝.药理学多媒体教学的应用与反思[J].现代教育技术,2004,(22):13-14.
9Hmelo, C. E., & Ferrari, M. ( 1997 ). The problem- based Learning tutorial: Cultivating higher order thinking skills. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, Vol. 20(4), p401 - 422.
10Resnick: B. (1987). Education and learning to think. Washington, DC:National Academy Press.