流域洪水资源可利用量和利用潜力的评估方法及实例研究

Assessment approach for flood resources availability and utilization potentiality and its application

为有效协调流域洪水资源利用与防洪安全、河流生态环境保护的关系,综合考虑流域洪水资源调控利用能力和洪水期河道内必要需水量两方面的约束因素,提出了洪水资源可利用量和洪水资源利用潜力的定义,构建了两者的评估方法,并对相关概念进行了阐述,为流域洪水资源利用状况的评价提供了两个基本指标。同时,根据所提出的评估方法,计算了海河水系北三河流域1980-2000年的洪水资源可利用量和利用潜力,分析了该流域洪水资源利用状况。根据评估结果,北三河流域1980-2000年平均洪水资源可利用量为10.29亿m3,利用潜力为1.32亿m3。该流域洪水资源利用潜力总体不大,流域洪水资源实际利用量频繁超过了洪水资源可利用量,流域洪水资源利用较不合理,特别是洪水期河道内必要需水量经常受到挤占。今后,北三河流域洪水资源利用合理性的提高,一方面需要增强流域洪水资源调控利用能力,另一方面更需要有效保障平水枯水年份河道内必要生态环境需水量。

This paper proposes definitions of flood resources availability and flood resources utilization potentiality,and presents an interpretation for the first time by a synthetic consideration of the restrictive factors in flood regulation capacity and river necessary water demand during flood season,aiming to establish a harmony relationship among flood resources utilization,flood disaster control and river eco-environment protection.An assessment approach is developed for flood resources availability and utilization potentiality,which provide two indexes for the evaluation of flood utilization.In addition,some related conceptions are illustrated and discussed.A case study of the Baisanhe river basin shows that the flood resources availability and utilization potentiality of this basin in the period of 1980-2000 was 1.029 and 0.132 billion m3,respectively.The utilization potentiality of this period was concentrated on a period of several years and the actual resources use frequently exceeded the availability.Thus,the flood use potentiality of this basin was rather limited and the utilization condition was relatively irrational,particularly in terms of river necessary water demand.An enhanced ability of flood control and a guaranteed river necessary eco-environment water demand are required to improve the flood utilization of this basin in the future.