清代江南农村经济发展释例

CASES- EXPLAINING ON ECONOMIC DEVELDPMENT OF JIANGNAN RUTRAL REAS IN THE ING DYNASTY

本文以松江府为例，探讨清代江南农村经济的发展。由于种棉织布的兴起，清代前期松江府农民的商品性生产总值超过了自给性生产总值，农民家庭手工业生产总值与农业生产总值大体相当。加以佃农耕地面积减少，地租负担减轻，并通过占有田面权与地主分享土地所有权，以及出现佃农中农化倾向，从而使佃农与地主之间的经济关系日渐减弱。同时，由于商品生产的发展，以及米麦花三棉丝质当的兴起，佃农与商人间的经济关系则日益紧密。农村经济关系，已从农民与地主之间的经济关系为主，转向以农民与商人之间的经济关系为主。这种深刻的经济变动，是市场配置资源、资源效益优化的结果。

:Taking Songjiang prefecture as a case, this article probes into the economic development of rural areas of Jiangnan in the Qang dynasty. Because of the rising of cotton- planting and weaving ,the total value of commodity production sur surpasses that of self-sufficient- production , the total value of family-handicraft- production of peasants is equivalent to that of agricultural production on the whole .What's more ,the tenant-peasant's farmland reduced and the burden of land rent lightened correspondingly,and they could share the land-possession-right in the form of possessing the land-useright, simultaneously the tendence of tenant- peasant changing into middle peasant emerged. All of these make the economicrelationship between tenant- peasant and landlord weak graduadlly. And at the same time ,with the developvmet of comodity-production as well as the rising of mortgating of rice , wheat, bean,cotton and silk,the relationshipn betwceenpeasant and businessmam got strengthened. So the economic relationship of rural area had transfrmed from taking the rela tionship between peasant and landlord as the dominant factor into taking the relationshing between peasant and businessman as the dominant fautor .This profound economic change is the result of market-resource-disposal and resource-benelit having been enhanced .