论传统农业时代的自然保护思想

ON THE THOUGHT OF NATURE-PROTECTING IN ANCIENT CHINA

在中国，有关自然保护，尤其资源保护的思想很早就已产生。先秦以至两汉，先哲们的思考紧紧围绕生物资源的保护、持续利用而展开，其核心是“以时禁发”，既以日月寒暑运行之“时”，又依生物生发育长阶段之“时”。而且，关于自然保护的思想往往与宣扬社会伦理道德结合在一起，以自然法则、规律比拟社会秩序，视天道与人伦为同一。魏晋以后的思考，则更多地注重于资源破坏的影响，揭示了森林植被资源。水资源、土地资源的破坏及其相互联系、生态环境影响等问题，特别认识到森林不仅仅是材木资源，而且是一种植被资源，同时更是一个生态因素，在维持生态系统平衡中起着关键作用。

:The thinking of protection of the nature ,especially of the natural resources ,emerged very carly in China history .The thinking of the philosphers from the Pre-Qin to the Han dynasties centered this problem on the protection of plant resources and sustainabe development .Its core idea is 'to do everything strictly according to the rules of the nature', and to keep off all kinds of production activities which do not identify with the rules of the nature .Furthermore ,the thinking of protection of the nature was mingled with the propounded social ethics ,comparing the rules of the nature to the social order and regarding the rules of the nature and human behavior as identical .The thinking after the Wei and Jin dynasties concentrates more on the investigation of the influence of the damage of the environment ,revealing the internal relationship between the damage of the resurces of forestry ,.water ,land and the environment .It is realized that the forestry is not only a resource of timber ,but also a kind of vegetation resource ,moreover the forestry is also an ecological factor ,and it plays a key role in keeping the balance of the ecological environment .