WTO框架下风险规制的合法性裁量

The Legitimacy of Risk Regulation in the Framework of WTO

从现有裁决来看,WTO在审查各成员风险规制的合法性时,既确立了采取风险防范措施的权利,也将科学标准及相关程序要求置于优先地位。在风险社会背景下,欧美司法机构虽然适当地顺从规制机构在面临科学不确定性时采取的行动,但其仍然严格地审查风险规制的科学依据及相关程序。实际上,WTO有关SPS风险规制的裁决在诸多方面相通于欧美相关司法审查的法理。在当前国际贸易体系下,坚持科学标准优先的原则无疑十分重要。我国应对贸易壁垒和规制风险时,均应注重科学基础和完善相关制度。

WTO not only establishes the members' right to adopt risk regulation measures,but also gives a privileged role to science standards and procedural requirements. The judicial organs in European and USA strictly review the science basis and legal procedures,although they properly defer to the regulation organs' decision in face of scientific uncertainty. In fact,the jurisprudence of WTO's decision-making on risk regulation is similar to the judicial review of EU an USA. It is important to insist on giving priority to science standards in the current international trade system. China should emphasize science principles and improve the law involved.