中国可溶性钾盐资源地质特征与潜力评价

Geological characteristics and resource potential of soluble potash in China

中国可溶性钾盐资源严重不足,属于大宗紧缺矿产之一。文章在系统地收集、整理、分析中国16个省(区)110个预测区的钾盐资源调查研究成果的基础上,对中国钾盐地质特征进行了系统研究,首次对中国可溶性钾盐的资源潜力进行了预测,并指出主要的有潜力地区,为下一步开展钾盐勘查与科学研究提供参考依据。中国可溶性钾盐品位低、质量差,但伴生的有益元素较多,含盐系地层分布多,主要地质时代均有石盐或卤水的聚集,与此相对应,在部分层位有钾盐层或含钾卤水的出现。中国已探明钾盐资源主要为陆相钾盐,而且以第四纪盐湖卤水钾盐占多数,并已进行大规模开发;海相钾盐没有突破,但具有较大的潜力。中国可溶性钾盐资源潜力为128.52亿吨,资源潜力上亿吨的省(自治区)有四川(85.45亿吨)、陕西(34亿吨)、湖北(3.43亿吨)、云南(3.17亿吨)、新疆(1.07亿吨)。总体看来,中国钾盐研究程度不高,资源潜力大多在3343的水平。

As a mineral product in great demand,the soluble potash resources in China are seriously insufficient. In this paper,the research results of the potash resources in 16 provinces or autonomous regions and 110 prognostic areas in China have been collected,sorted,analyzed and compiled. On such a basis,some suggestions are put forward concerning the potential of the potash resources for further exploration projects. In spite of the fact that the soluble potash in China is mostly in low grade and poor quality,there still exist lots of favorable factors,such as relatively abundant associated beneficial elements,extensive salt strata and the accumulation of halite or brine water in main geological periods. Accordingly,potash beds and K-bearing brine water have been formed in certain stratigraphic horizons. Potash resources in China have been proved to be mainly in the forms of terrestrial potash salt,potash salt lakes and,especially,Quaternary salt lake brine. In addition,the work on marine potash has not attained a breakthrough,so that great potential remain existent in this aspect. The proved soluble potash resources in China have reached 12.852 billion tons （bt）,and are mainly distributed in Sichuan （8.545 bt）,Shaanxi （3.4 bt）,Yunnan （0.317 bt）,Hubei （0.343 bt） and Xinjiang （0.107 bt）. In general,the geological research extent of potash resources is by far lower than that of petroleum,coal and iron deposits,with the main resource potential only at the level of 3343.