论亚里士多德生成论的能动自然观

Active and Generative:On Aristotle's Idea of Nature

自然是运动变化还是静止恒定的?这是一个贯穿古希腊哲学整个发展历程的带有根本性的哲学问题。亚里士多德一方面接受自然主义哲学家的生成论自然观,但反对他们所持有的机械盲目的物理自然图景;另一方面他在肯定巴门尼德、柏拉图把自然看作合乎理性与秩序的存在的同时,拒斥他们的超验自然原则以及对现实自然存在与运动的否定。亚里士多德论证了存在就是现实的自然存在,自然就是运动变化的,运动的根源就在现实自然自身,从而把现实的自然存在确立为自在、自成、自我运动发展的能动实体性存在。

It has become quite a question throughout the development of ancient Greek philosophy to illustrate whether the nature is changing or not.As for Aristotle,on one hand,he admitted the naturalist philosophers＇ conception of nature on Generativism,but refused to take in the inflexible opinion that nature is just what we conceive vividly;on the other hand,The great philosopher admired Parmenides and Plato＇s idea that nature itself is of reason and order,whereas he resisted transcendentalism and their denial of the changes of nature.Aristotle provided a demonstration of his notion that being is the state of nature,thus nature is changing,due to nature itself.Because of this,Aristotle put forward that nature is an active substance of aseity as it develops and changes by itself.