甲壳胺纤维的定性鉴别

Qualitative identification of chitosan fiber

采用燃烧法、显微镜观察法、药品着色法、溶解法和红外吸收光谱法对甲壳胺纤维鉴别进行了试验研究,并与粘胶、竹浆纤维及羊毛进行了比较分析。结果表明:甲壳胺纤维着火燃烧有如烧铁丝一样发红的奇特现象,离开火焰自灭,并有轻度烧毛发腥臭味,残留物呈细而柔软的灰黑絮状;纵向有微细的孔洞和较浅的条纹,截面形态近似米粒形;用碘-碘化钾溶液着色后,湿态呈黑色,干态呈黑褐色;在煮沸的88%甲酸溶液中立即溶解;在常温下的36%～38%盐酸溶液和煮沸后的30%氢氧化钠溶液中出现膨润现象;甲壳胺纤维的红外吸收光谱与粘胶、竹浆纤维基本相似,但3 295.60、1 588.25、2 874.20 cm-1处的吸收峰与粘胶、竹浆纤维有明显不同。

This paper identifies chitosan fiber by burning method,estimating method by microscope,coloring with medical drugs,dissolution method and infrared radiation spectrum method,and compares with the identification of bamboo fiber,viscose fiber and wool.The results show a curious phenomenon that chitosan fiber flushes like wires when on fire,but extinguishes by itself without fire.It has a slight malodorous smell like burning hair.The leftover is grayish black,thin,gentle,and cotton-shaped,whose length directions contain tiny holes and shallow stripes,and its cross section is grain shape.Besides,iodine-potassium iodide solution staining of chitosan fiber turns out to be black when it is wet or dark brown when it is dry,and in boiled formic acid solution（the concentration is 88%）,it dissolves immediately.Furthermore,under normal temperature,in the hydrochloric acid solution（the concentration is 36% ～ 38%） and boiled sodium hydroxide solution（the concentration is 30%） the chitosan fiber is swollen.The St.Ma Infrared absorption spectrum of chitosan fiber is similar to that of bamboo fiber and viscose fiber.However at 3 295.60,1 588.25,2 874.20 cm-1 absorption peak,they are quite different.