新疆砷中毒地区水砷和人体尿砷含量的调查

Study on Arsenic Content in Well Water and Urine in Endemic Arsenism Area in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆奎屯地方性砷中毒高砷暴露区与非高砷暴露区水中砷和其他微量元素含量的分布,探讨砷在人体内蓄积排泄情况与水砷的关系。方法采用原子吸收光谱法检测奎屯地方性砷中毒(地砷病)高砷暴露区与非高砷暴露区23份水样中元素含量;选择奎屯129团高砷暴露区83人作为砷暴露组1,29团非高砷暴露区50人作为内对照组,选择123团98人作为外对照组,采用原子吸收光谱法检测各组人群的尿砷含量。结果统计分析表明地砷病高砷暴露区水砷含量明显高于非高砷暴露区(P<0.05)。高砷暴露区水样中Cu、Pb含量高于非高砷暴露区,Zn含量低于非高砷暴露区(P<0.05)。砷暴露组尿砷含量明显高于对照组,砷暴露组和内对照组男女尿砷含量无明显差异(P>0.05),不同年龄组尿砷含量未见差异(P>0.05)。结论地砷病高砷暴露区水中Zn含量低,Cu、Pb含量高,可能伴随高砷增加居民患地砷病的危险性;水砷含量与尿砷排泄量之间有一定相关关系。

Objective To investigate distribution of As and several elements concentrations in drinking water in areas with and without endemic arsenism disease in Kuitun,Xinjiang,and to discuss relationship be-tween arsenic content in urine and content of arsenic in the drinking water.Methods As,Zn,Cu,Pb,Fe,Mn,Se in 23 water samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.323 residents in Kuitun Reclamation Area of Xinjiang were chosen in this study,including arsenism district group（content of arsenic in the drinking water 〉0.05 mg/L） and two control groups（content of arsenic in the drinking water 〈0.05 mg/L）.The arsenic content in urine was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results Sta-tistical analysis showed that contents of As and Cu,Pb in the drinking water were richer in the endemic areas than those in the non-endemic areas,whereas Zn was lower in the endemic area than in non-endemic area.There were no significant differences in the arsenic content in urine among different ages and between male and female（P〉0.050）.Conclusions The results indicate that the low exposure of Zn and the high exposure of Cu and Pb increase the risk of endemic arsenism besides the direct cause of As.The arsenic content in urine has a relationship with the content of arsenic in the drinking water.