矿热炉炉衬结构的改革

THE STRUCTURE REFORMATION OF ORE SMELTING ELECTRIC FURNACE LINING

延长矿热炉炉衬寿命除了科学管理、规范操作外,还需要选择科学的、最佳的炉衬结构,优质的耐火材料,优良的施工质量,通过对上千座炉子的实践,探索出两类炉衬结构方案,即保温法和冷却法炉衬结构。保温法适应于密度小的冶炼品种,比如：电石、硅铁、结晶硅;冷却法适应于冶炼高碳锰铁、高碳铬铁、锰硅合金、铬铁、镍铁、镍铬等;这两种方法实现了矿热炉冶炼多种产品的需要,特别是冷却法炉体和出炉口结构及材质的改革。炉底炭块采用大块斜形砌筑,加大了炭砖之间的摩擦力,防止了炭块容易出现＂抽签＂和漂浮现象。炉口区采用整体钻孔半石墨炭-碳化硅砖,并在出铁口区镶嵌高导热、耐冲刷、抗热震性能优良的石墨砖,为实现冶炼重金属矿热炉整体炉衬寿命提供了可能。

The longevity of ore smelting electric furnace is caused by choosing scientific and optimal lining structure,high quality refractory material,eximious construction quality besides the scientific management and the standard operation.According to the practice for thousands of furnace,explored two kinds structural concept of furnace lining：the heat preservation and cooling method of furnace lining.The heat preservation method is suitable for small specific gravity smelting variety such as calcium carbide,ferrosilicon,and crystal silicon.The cooling method is suitable to smelt high carbon ferromanganese, high carbon ferrochrome,silicomanganese,ferrochrome,ferronickel,and nickel-chromium,etc.These two methods realize the need of smelting various products,especially the cooling method furnace body,the reformation of tap hole structure and material quality,the carbon block in furnace bottom uses inclined masonry with chunk,increasing the frictional force between carbon block,preventing＂sortition＂and floatation phenomenon of carbon block.The tap hole uses whole drill hole schungite carbon-carborundum blick and inlay eximious graphite brick in tap hole with high heat conduction,washing resistance, thermal shock stability,finding a practical method to realize whole ore smelting furnace lining longevity of smelting heavy metal.