饮水硼对固始鸡生长性能及肝、胰组织结构的影响

Effect of drinking boron on the growth performance and the structure of liver and pancreas in Gushi chickens

240羽1日龄固始鸡随机分为对照组和试验1、2、3组,对照组饮用自来水,试验1～3组饮水中硼含量分别为100、200和400 mg.L-1,试验期为6周,研究硼对固始鸡生长及肝、胰组织结构发育的影响。结果表明:试验1组,鸡临床症状和剖检变化不明显;部分周龄鸡体重、日增重、肝重、胰重及肝、胰器官指数较对照组差异显著;肝和胰组织结构,1～2周龄呈现轻微损伤,3～6周龄则表现出明显促进作用。试验2组,鸡可见轻微临床症状和剖检变化;鸡体重、日增重、肝重、胰重及胰器官指数显著或极显著低于同周龄对照组;1～2周龄鸡肝、胰病理组织学变化较明显,此后随周龄的增加,肝、胰组织结构逐渐恢复。试验3组,鸡临床症状和剖检变化最为明显;鸡体重与日增重,肝、胰重及其器官指数变化与试验2组相似;1～2周龄肝、胰病理组织学变化最为明显,肝细胞肿胀或空泡样变,肝血窦狭小,胰腺泡内可见空泡样结构。结果说明,饮水中添加100 mg.L-1硼对固始鸡早期生长及肝、胰组织结构发育有轻微抑制和损伤作用,对后期(3～6周龄)则有明显改善和促进作用;高剂量硼(饮水中硼含量200 mg.L-1以上)对固始鸡(尤其是早期)生长及肝、胰组织结构发育均有明显不良影响甚至明显毒性作用。

To study the effect of drinking boron on the growth performance and the structure of liver and pancreas in Gushi chickens,a total of 240 one day-old Gushi chickens were selected and randomly divided into four groups,and drunk the water which supplemented 0,100,200,400 mg·L^-1 boron for 42 days（6 weeks）.Ten chickens in each group were selected and slaughtered after weighing at each weekend.The livers and pancreas were obtained,weighed fixed in Bouin liquid,made into paraffin section,stained with HE,and observed and photographed by micro-projector system.The results were as follows： In group 1,the clinical symptom and autopsy change were not obvious,while the mean weight（MW）,average daily gain（ADG）,the weight and indexes of livers and pancreas in Gushi chickens showed significant difference（P〈0.05） at some weeks of age;the structure of livers and pancreas presented slightly damaged at 1 and 2 weeks of age,but showed obvious promotion from 3 to 6 weeks of age.In group 2,the slightly clinical symptom and autopsy change could been observed,the MW and ADG,the weight of livers and pancreas,and the pancreas indexes all decreased significantly（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） compared with the controls;the structures of livers and pancreas were damaged more obviously at 1 and 2 week-old,but were recovering by age from the 3rd week-old.In group 3,the clinical symptom and autopsy change were most obvious,the changes of MW,ADG and the weight and indexes of livers and pancreas were similar to those in group 2;the structure of livers and pancreas of were most obviously damaged,especially at 1 and 2 weeks of age;under the microscope,the hepatic cells exhibited granular or vacuolar degeneration,and the vacuole-like structure could be seen in gland alveolus of pancreas.The results showed that the drinking water supplemented with 100 mg·L^-1 boron could inhibit slightly the performance and the development of liver and pancreas of Gushi chickens in earlier period,but promote them obviously from 3 to 6 week-old.The high dose boron（boron supplementation≥200 mg·L^-1） could inhibit obviously the development of microstructure of digestive gland in Gushi chickens,and even exhibited toxic effect.High dose boron（boron supplemented≥200 mg·L^-1） would have obvious harmful effect and even toxicity function on the performance and the microstructure of liver and pancreas of Gushi chickens,especially in the early phase.