松嫩平原南部土壤养分空间变异规律分析及其等级评价

Spatial variation analysis and level evaluation of soil nutrient elements in southern Songnen plain

以松嫩平原南部为研究区域,利用地统计学和ArcGIS的空间分析功能,对土壤养分要素的空间变异规律及其分布等级进行研究,探讨松嫩平原土壤养分要素分布特征及丰缺情况。结果表明:松嫩平原南部土壤养分各要素均具有较强的空间结构特征,其空间差异的主导因素为结构因素(土壤母质、地形、气候等非人为因素);松嫩平原南部土壤呈碱性,土壤中全氮和全钾含量较丰富,而全磷和有机质较缺乏,在农业生产中,建议磷肥和有机肥混合施用;松嫩平原西南部的齐齐哈尔、杜蒙、大庆、肇源一带,土壤中全氮、全磷和有机质含量均为极缺乏状态,建议该地区增大对氮肥、磷肥和有机肥的施用量,采取一定的保肥措施,以提高土壤的综合肥力。

In order to fully characterize the distribution and situation of abundance or deficiency of soil nutrient elements,southern Songnen Plain was taken as the study area,and the spatial variation and distribution grades of soil nutrient elements were analyzed by using geostatistics and spatial analysis function of ArcGIS.The results indicated that all soil nutrient elements in southern Songnen Plain had strong spatial structure and the main factor was the structure factor（some non-human factors,such as soil parent material,terrain and climate）.The soil was alkaline and rich in total N and K,but lack of total P and organic matter in southern Songnen Plain,so P fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could be recommended in agricultural production.The soil was lack of total N,total P and organic matter in the line of Qiqihaer,Dumeng,Daqing,Zhaoyuan of southwestern Songnen Plain,so increasing the application rate of N fertilizer,P fertilizer,organic fertilizer and adopting some fertilizer preserving measures could be suggested to improve the soil fertility.