岩茶种类和种植年限对茶园土壤中、微量元素含量分异特征的影响

Changes in secondary and trace element contents in Wuyi Yancha soils due to Yancha types/cultivated years

通过测定武夷山风景区茶园0～10、10～20、20～40、40～60 cm不同深度土壤中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cr、Cd等10种元素含量,研究岩茶土壤中、微量元素的剖面分异特征及岩茶种类和利用年限对岩茶土壤中、微量元素的影响。结果表明:①不同元素含量在0～60 cm内不同土层之间垂直分异不明显,并呈不同的变化规律,Ca、Mg含量呈现下层富集的趋势,Cr、Ni、Cu含量在40 cm以下土层逐渐升高,Mn、Zn含量在40 cm以下土层逐渐降低,Cd、Pb有表层富集现象。②不同元素含量之间呈现出一定的线性相关关系,除Mn以外,其他9类元素之间的相关系数均大于0.900。③种植年限相同而岩茶种类不同,土壤中、微量元素含量基本无显著差异(P>0.05);不同元素含量随岩茶利用年限的增加而增大,且达显著水平(P<0.05),与8年相比,22年岩茶土壤中Fe和Mn含量增加幅度不大,Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd和Cr含量增加幅度中等,而Pb含量增加幅度较大。施肥是岩茶土壤中、微量元素增加的主要原因,但目前尚未对岩茶土壤构成污染;岩茶土壤存在一定程度的缺Mn,在施肥中应予以重视。

This paper focused on changes in contents of secondary and trace elements in yancha soils from Wuyishan Scenery Area influenced by tea types and plantation years（8,22 years）.The results showed that： ① No significant difference was observed in contents of Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn,Ni,Pb,Cd,Cr within 0 to 60 cm depth,although different trace elements varied with soli depth.Ca and Mg contents tended to be higher in lower soil layers,Cr,Ni,Cu contents gradually increased and Mn,Zn contents gradually reduced below 40 cm;the highest contents of Cd,Pb were observed in the surface layer.② A positive linear correlations among different trace element contents were obtained and the correlation coefficients among the nine elements with the exception of Mn were higher than 0.900.③ There was no significant difference in trace element contents in soils treated with different tea types and the same cultivated year（P〉 0.05）;trace and secondary element contents increased significantly with plantation year（P 〈0.05）,Fe and Mn content only increased 15%-22%,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cd and Cr content of the medium increase,raised 63%-71%,33%-54%,32%-55%,43%-70%,53%-70%,35%-63% and 54%-79%,respectively;Pb content of a larger increase,raised 160%-221%.Fertilization was the main reason for the increase in trace element contents in yancha soil,no soil pollution happened but attention should be paid to the deficiency of Mn in the soil.