句类与以言行事行为

Sentence Type and Illocutionary Act

目前的主流做法是将汉语句子按语气表达功能分为陈述句等四个句类,为此采用了多种划分标准,而以语调标准为最主要。实际上,这些标准的可操作性均不强,语调类型和句子所传递的语气类别的关系更是相当复杂。我们无法可靠地借助句子真正传递的以言行事行为的类别来确定句类,因此应该发展出有关句子功能或话语功能分类的新理论,以推进对语言交际功能的描述和解释的深度。

Presently,Chinese sentences are generally classified into four types according to moods, and of all the criteria intonation is the major one.In fact,all these criteria are not practical, and the relation between intonation and mood is very complicated.Sentence type cannot be decided by the illocutionary act performed by the sentence reliably.So a new theory related to sentence function or discourse function should be created and developed,and thus the description and explanation of the communication function of language can be deepened.