流域泥沙模型中雨量资料的时空尺度分析

Analysis of Time and Space Scales for Basin Sediment Model

以经改进的格林—安普特下渗模型为基础，选择降雨资料有足够短的时段记载的流域和有足够密度雨量站的流域，分别变化时段长和站网密度计算产流。根据模型模拟精度与时段长及站网密度关系线的转折点，确定适当的时段长和合理的站网密度。通过曹坪流域的站网分析和６个小流域试验站的时段分析，发现对这些流域而言，时段长小于１５ｍｉｎ，站网密度大于２个／１００ｋｍ２，其降雨的时空均化给模型计算带来的误差可以忽略。

In present, sediment model research is usually focused on cases of small basin with short time interval record of rainfall and high density network of rainfall gauging station. There are two problems come usually across in the application of such model to middle and large scale of basins, that are time and space scale problems. A middle scale basin with high density network of rainfall station and six small scale basins with short time interval record rainfall were chosen. The relations of simulating accuracy respectively to time interval scale and to space scale were then analysed in turn. And finally, some useful conclusions were obtained.