摘要
受法老埃及法律和希腊及近东其他地区法律的影响,托勒密埃及分别实行适用于当地埃及人和外来移民的法律体系。两种法律体系很少发生冲突,但一旦出现两者都无法解决的问题或危及国王和统治阶级利益的情况时,国王便以仲裁者的身份,以赦令或敕令的方式颁布针对具体问题的法律,从而使两种法律体系处于事实上的和谐状态。无论是托勒密埃及的司法机构,还是司法诉讼和司法审判,都体现了这一特点。这一法律及司法体系在很大程度上维护了弱者的利益,惩治了作恶者,保持了社会的稳定。然而,托勒密埃及的法律始终受到国王的控制,是国王个人意志的体现。
Under the influence of the laws of Pharaonic Egypt,Greece and other parts of the Near East,Ptolemaic Egypt implemented two legal systems,one applied to local Egyptians and the other to immigrants.Little conflict occurred between the two systems.However,in the event of any problem that neither system could solve or a situation that threatened the interests of the king and the ruling class,the king would act as an arbiter and issue decrees or edicts targeting the specific problem or situation.In this way,the two systems were in effect in harmony.This applies to Ptolemaic judicial organs,judicial proceedings and adjudication.This kind of legal and judicial system to a large extent protected the interests of the weak,punished wrongdoers and maintained the stability of society.However,the Ptolemaic law was always under the control of the king and embodied his personal wishes.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第4期4-18,共15页
Historical Research
基金
中国社会科学院世界历史研究所资助的所重点课题“古埃及托勒密王朝专制王权研究”的阶段性研究成果
