中国民居地理分布格局及其演变

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSING AND ITS EVOLUTION IN CHINA

文章基于2000年普查数据1‰个人原始数据和中国2005年1%人口调查数据中20%个人原始数据对中国345个地级行政区划民居住宅从建造年代、建筑结构和楼层等三个角度考察了中国民居的地理格局分布及其变化。结果显示中国民居住宅特别是西部地区更新步伐快;民居建造年代的空间分布和变化与中国经济发展在地域上的递进性特点相吻合;南方民居混合结构居多,北方和西部地区以砖木或其他结构为主;民居建筑以平房为主,但楼层化程度在不断加快,特别是东南沿海地区。这些结果对如何在发展经济的同时,本着保护各民族文化成果的原则促进民族建筑文化的不断发展与进步,就地取材,因材制宜地营建民居具有一定参考价值。

Using the 1‰ micro data from the 2000 census and 20% micro data from the 1% population sample survey in 2005,this study examines geographical distribution of residential housing and its change over time in terms of built-year,tenure,and storey in 345 prefecture-level units in China.The results show that China’s residential housing has witnessed a rapid change,especially in the Western China and that the geographic distribution of house built-year and its change are in accordance with the economic growth pattern of the East first and the West second.The results further reveal that mixture-tenure houses are found in the South while wood-tenure or brick-wood-tenure and other tenure houses are common in the North and the West.On average,majority residential houses are one-storey,but more people tend to live in apartments in two or higher storey buildings,especially in the coast region.Our findings have important implications in protection of local culture of residential housing and in promotion of regional healthy environments in building residential housing.