东北地区农业地域结构形态的历史演变及其动因分析

MORPHOLOGY CHANGE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL TERRAIN STRUCTURE IN NORTHEAST CHINA

东北地区在新中国成立以前的社会经济发展经历了清政府的移民实边,俄、日等帝国主义的殖民侵略和掠夺性开发,农业地域结构发生显著变化,并具有独特的区域特征。文章采用文献归纳与演绎的方法,通过对历史文献的梳理和总结,依据区域农业发展的历史脉络,从土地、农业生产、农业经济等结构性要素变化的角度,探讨了东北地区农业地域结构形态演变过程与阶段特征,分析认为人口增长、农业政策、农业技术、城镇体系与交通区位等因素及其变化是东北地区农业地域结构演变的主要动因。

Agricultural terrain structure is one of the most important contents in agricultural geography studies,the morphology change of which has the characteristics of succession and development in temporal,and constraints and proliferation in spatial.It has important sense for revealing the low of agricultural terrain structure change by studying the change course and development trend of agricultural terrain structure according to the historical context of regional agriculture development.In this paper,four stages of agricultural terrain structure change were classified according to the historical process of agriculture development in northeast China.Moreover,based on analysis of historical documents,the regional characteristics in each period were discussed by structural factors change of land use,agricultural economic and agricultural production.The results are as follows： first,the population and land development were mainly centralized in Liaohe basin before the end of the Qing Dynasty,and the producing structure of millet,wheat,beans and rice come into being;second,with immigration influx,large scale land development began from Liaoning and Jilin to northern Heilongjiang in the late Qing Dynasty,and the pattern of gain producing structure of southern bean and northern wheat come into being.Third,the agriculture developments come into a comprehensive development period in the Republican of China,the farmland increased speedily,and soybeans,sorghum,corn and millet become the main grain crops.Finally,under the intrusion of Japanese Puppet Regime,the land,grain production and agricultural economic suffered serious destroy,and the regional agricultural development felled into colonization.The further analysis showed that the population growth,agricultural policy reformation,rapid development of urbanization and transport network were the main influencing factors of agricultural terrain structure change in northeast China.