基于父母知觉的儿童人格结构及其发展的研究

A STUDY OF CHILDREN'S PERSONALITY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT:BASED ON PARENTS' PERCEPTION

该研究在家庭访谈的基础上，编制了3，6，9，12岁年龄组的人格问卷，并对北京和福州的777名3至12岁儿童的人格特点进行了调查，结果表明：这四份问卷均具有较好的信度和效度。对四份问卷在四个年龄组儿童的测查结果分别进行因素分析（主成分分析，PCA）后发现，3至12岁年龄组儿童的主要人格维度为：“智力”，“认真性”，“宜人性”，“外倾性”，“情绪稳定性”和“自主性”，其中“智力”是四个年龄组中最稳定的维度，其次是“宜人性”、“外倾性”和“认真性”。“情绪稳定性”在我国儿童人格维度中不是一个比较稳定的维度。此外，这六个维度和“14项人格分类编码系统”中的前六个类别（或子类别）一致，并且，前五个维度与成人大五人格因素（或子因素）相一致。这个结果从我国儿童的人格发展角度对成人大五人格结构的存在及其发展过程提供了一定的支持。四个年龄组的人格维度均具有较强的年龄特异性，并且能够较好地用来表现我国儿童所特有的、具有我国文化特色的人格特点。

In this research, based on the parents' free description, four personality questionnaires(3, 6, 9, 12 years) were developed and employed on 777 3-12-year old children in Beijing and Fuzhou city. The results indicated that the four questionnaires had good validity and reliability. After factor analysis(PCA, principal compoment analysis) to four questionnaires in four age groups separately, the main personality dimensions over the factor structure of 3 to 12-years old groups were named as:'Intellect', 'Conscientiousness', 'Agreeableness',' Extraversion', 'Emotional Stability'and 'Autonomy'. Among them, 'Intellect' was the most stable dimension in the four age groups, 'Agreeableness', 'Extraversion' and 'Conscientiousness' followed.'Emotional Stability' was not a stable dimension in Chinese personality structures.Moreover, the content of the six dimensions were consistent with the first six (sub)categories of '14 Categories System for Personality Coding Descriptors', and the first five dimensions were consistent with adult Big Five faCtors (or sub-factors). The results showed that there were rationally resembleness betWeen Chinese children's personality structures and the Big five factors in adult Personality psychology. On the other hand, there were strong age and culture specificity in the personality dimensions of the four age groups, and it indicated that the dimensions can cover the specific personality characteristics of Chinese children.