钻井井喷事故人因失误特征分析和对策

Feature analysis and countermeasures of human error in drilling blowout incidents

当前井喷致灾机理研究多侧重于井控装备和技术方面,对人因失误的影响认识尚不深入。为此,对中国1970～2006年发生的59起重大钻井井喷事故的人因失误特征进行了分析,发现人因失误占井喷事故直接原因的93.53%。通过对操作者的故意违章行为和管理者的管理失误行为等主要人因失误类型对井喷事故影响机理的研究,证实了操作者的故意违章行为是组织管理行为失误和不良安全文化的表征。行为科学在个体不安全行为控制方面取得的研究成果应该推广应用到组织管理失误行为的控制中,找出并消除潜在的管理失误,不断提高钻井公司组织管理行为的可靠性,最终达到最大限度预防和控制事故的目的。

While mainly focusing on the well control equipment and technologies in their current studies of drilling blowout causes,researchers have little knowledge of regarding the human error as one of the direct causes.Therefore,through feature analysis of the human errors in 59 major well blowout accidents during 1970-2006 in China,it is found that the percentage of human error accounts for 93.53% of the direct causes in blowout accidents.Then through an in-depth study of the effect of the main types of human errors,like an individual's deliberate violation behavior and an organization's management misconduct behavior,on the blowout,it is proved that the former behavior simply represents the character of the latter or reflects a company's unhealthy culture of safety.It is suggested that the achievements obtained from the study of behavioral science in preventing an individual's unsafe behaviors should be applied to controlling an organization's management misconduct behaviors with the purpose of foreseeing and preventing any possible management misconduct behaviors,thus improving the reliability of organization and management in drilling companies.