丛枝菌根真菌在农业生产中的作用与调控

FUNCTIONS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN AGRICULTURE AND THEIR MANIPULATION

AM真菌在集约化作物生产体系中的作用日益受到关注。最近10余年间有关AM真菌与植物相互作用的研究由温室、实验室模拟转向田间原位研究,在认识上取得了很大的进展。通过对相关的理论和应用基础研究结果的分析,认为菌根生物技术的应用不仅包括菌剂的生产和施用技术,而且还要包括土著AM真菌群落繁殖体数量和活性的调节技术;通过轮作和间作、少耕或者免耕、使用根际化学信号物质能够在一定程度上有效发挥土著AM真菌群落的作用;充分认识AM真菌群落的时空变化与生态功能的关系可能是今后研究的重点;此外,通过与育种家结合,培育在高肥力土壤上积极响应AM真菌的作物高产品种可能是未来提高土壤养分资源高效利用的有效途径之一。

Functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） in intensified farming systems have been attracting more and more attention.In the past decade,a big headway has been made in recognition of the significance of shifting from simulation in the greenhouse and laboratory to in-situ field study in the research on interactions of AMF and plants.Analysis of findings of related theoretical and applied/basic researches has led to such a conclusion that mycorrhizal biotechnology should include not only technologies for production and application of common AMF inoculums,but also techniques for regulating amount and infectivity of indigenous AMF propagules.Agricultural practices,such as rotation,intercropping,reduced or non-tillage,and application of rhizosphere signaling substances could effectively bring indigenous AMF into play.To better understand how spatial and temporal variation of indigenous AMF communities is related to their ecological functions will probably be the hot spot for future studies in this aspect.Besides,to screen and cultivate high-yielding crop cultivars or varieties that are highly responsive to AMF in fertile soils is thought to be an effective approach to enhance the use efficiency of soil nutrient resources.