权力关系对社区参与旅游发展的影响——以浙江省楠溪江芙蓉村为例

The Impact of Power Relationship on Community Participation in Tourism Development——A Case from Furong Village at Nanxi River Basin,Zhejiang Province

政治结构决定了社区参与旅游发展的前提条件,研究政治结构对社区参与的影响方式是真正实现社区参与的基础工作。文章通过研究浙江省永嘉县境内的楠溪江古村落群发现:当前中国的政治制度在普通乡村旅游社区中的实践形态表明,由于村民的无政治状态,政治制度未能改变村两委与社区利益相脱离的现状;而在乡村社区中,由于权力—利益结构网的存在,大多数村民担心其维权行为会使其社会生存环境恶化,所以,除非生存资源遭受侵犯,否则村民不愿维权;故此,村两委可以与社区外的其他利益相关者联合,对社区公共利益进行剥夺。由此形成的权力关系造成了社区参与旅游发展的结构性障碍,所以,社区参与的真正实现有赖于这种结构性障碍的消除。

Political structure is the prerequisite that determines community participation in tourism development and studying the impact mode of political structure is the basic work for the realization of community participation.The paper,after studying the villages at Nanxi River Basin in Zhejiang Province,finds that currently the practice pattern of China’s political system in common rural tourism communities reflects that because of the ＂political-free＂status of common villagers,the political system cannot change the present situation that village party branch and village committee deviate the interests of the community,while in rural communities,because of the existence of ＂power-interest structure nets＂,most villagers worry that their right-safeguarding behavior might deteriorate their social environment for subsistence.Therefore villagers are unwilling to safeguard their rights unless their subsistence resources are infringed.Thus,village Party branch and village committee could coordinate with other stakeholders outside the community to get the community public interests deprived.So the power relationship formed results in the structural barrier for community participation in tourism development.Accordingly,the real achievement in community participation depends on the elimination of such structural barrier.