论法律与政治之关系——从立法与行政透视英国宪法性人权保护

Law and Politics:Legislative and Judicial Perspectives on Constitutions Human Rights

在英国,法律和政治的关系主要体现在宪法性权利的保护上,因为宪法性权利不仅要影响英国议会议员、政府官员以及司法官员的特定是非观念,而且要影响其立法过程、执法过程和司法过程的程序。就政治与法律之间关系的一般理论而言,直接关涉到英国的政治、法律和人的活动,并体现英国宪法性人权与立法之关系以及英国宪法性人权的保护方式,进而通过英国人权法与英国法官具有政治性的裁决之间的相互作用诠释其对英国社会可能产生的影响以及型构英国法律和政策的制定程序。

Law,unlike political theory,is capable of providing minimum standards for objective assessments of the rightness and wrongness of political actions.Constitutional rights can affect the rule-making process in Parliament by influencing legislators and the executive,as well as judges,with specific ideas of rightness and wrongness.The article analyses the ways in which human rights law has been allowed to affect law-making.It then considers whether the need for judges to enforce human rights has led judges to undertake activities that are more political than before.To this end the article examines the techniques of self-discipline developed to ensure that the judiciary stays within its constitutional authority,illustrates how the proper relationship between judges,Parliament and the executive depends on context.It concludes that the interplay of human rights law and political judgment has a positive impact,helping to open up and structure legislation and policy-making.